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In particular, it examines how vitamin D levels differ depending on one's age, sex, supplement use, milk consumption, season of sun exposure, and body mass index (BMI). This article explores factors associated with vitamin D blood levels, using data from Cycle 2 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). 6 However, the research supporting the benefits of vitamin D, other than for bone health, is still inconclusive. Some research suggests that adequate vitamin D may have benefits, such as lowering the risk of breast and colorectal cancer 3, 4, cardiovascular disease in men 5, and multiple sclerosis. In adults, low levels of vitamin D can lead to osteoporosis (decreased bone mass), which also increases the risk of fractures. 1, 2 In children, low levels of vitamin D can cause rickets, a condition characterized by soft bones and skeletal deformities. Vitamin D plays an important role in bone growth and maintenance because it helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus. On average, females had a higher concentration of vitamin D in their blood than males.About 40% of Canadians were below the cut-off in winter, compared with 25% in the summer.A minority of Canadians (34%) took a supplement containing vitamin D, but a larger percentage of those taking supplements were above the cut-off (85%), compared with non-supplement users (59%).Children aged 3 to 5 had the highest rates above the cut-off (89%), while the 20- to 39-year-olds had the lowest (59%).About 32% of Canadians were below the cut-off.
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Just over two-thirds of Canadians (68%) had blood concentrations of vitamin D over 50 nmol/L-a level that is sufficient for healthy bones for most people.